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[1]马晓秋,解家春.核热火箭发动机研制进展与关键技术[J].火箭推进,2024,50(04):1-13.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-9374.2024.04.001]
　MA Xiaoqiu,XIE Jiachun.Development progress and key technologies of nuclear thermal rocket engine[J].Journal of Rocket Propulsion,2024,50(04):1-13.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-9374.2024.04.001]
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核热火箭发动机研制进展与关键技术

《火箭推进》[ISSN:1672-9374/CN:CN 61-1436/V] 卷: 50 期数: 2024年04期 页码: 1-13 栏目: 目次 出版日期: 2024-08-25
Title:
Development progress and key technologies of nuclear thermal rocket engine
文章编号:
1672-9374(2024)04-0001-13
作者:
马晓秋1; 解家春2
1.北京航天动力研究所 低温液体推进技术实验室,北京 100076; 2.中国原子能科学研究院,北京 102413
Author(s):
MA Xiaoqiu1;  XIE Jiachun2
1.Laboratory of Science and Technology on Cryogenic Liquid Propulsion,Beijing Aerospace Propulsion Institute, Beijing 100076, China; 2.China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China
关键词:
核热火箭发动机;  比冲;  反应堆;  关键技术;  燃料元件
Keywords:
nuclear thermal rocket engine;  specific impulse;  reactor;  key technology;  fuel element
分类号:
V434
DOI:
10.3969/j.issn.1672-9374.2024.04.001
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
介绍了核热火箭发动机基本原理,回顾和分析了美、俄(苏联)核热火箭发动机的研制历程。美国在早期核热火箭发动机的研制过程中主要采用整机试验模式进行研究,Rover/NERVA期间先后建立了20余个反应堆,获得了大量的试验数据,这些数据至今仍在美国核热火箭发动机的研究中发挥着重要作用。后续在SNTP计划中以提高反应堆性能为目标进行了颗粒床反应堆(PBR)研究。在NCPS计划中提出了经济可承受的思路,并采用电加热非核模拟方式开展燃料元件的筛选研究,降低了成本和危险性。在任务需求方面,围绕载人登火和地月经济圈活动,提出了DRA5.0载人火星计划以及天龙座(DRACO)计划。俄罗斯(苏联)与美国基本同时开展了核热发动机研究,其技术路线主要以反应堆燃料元件技术为主,研制出扭转条状耐高温的多元碳化物燃料元件,参数水平居于世界领先。通过总结美俄核热火箭发动机的研制趋势,对核热火箭发动机反应堆关键技术进行了分析,并对我国未来开展核热火箭发动机的研究提出了发展建议。
Abstract:
The basic principle of nuclear thermal rocket engine was introduced, the development process of nuclear thermal rocket engines in the United States and Russia(Soviet Union)was reviewed. In the early development process of nuclear thermal rocket engines in the United States, research was mainly conducted using the whole engine test mode. During the Rover/NERVA period, more than 20 reactors were established and a large amount of test data was obtained, which still plays an important role in the research of nuclear thermal rocket engines in the United States even today. Subsequently, research on particle bed reactors(PBR)was conducted in the SNTP program with the goal of improving reactor performance. An economically affordable approach was proposed in the NCPS program, and the fuel elements were studied by using electric heating simulation method, which can reduce costs and difficulty. In terms of mission requirements, the DRA5.0 manned Mars program and the DRACO program have been proposed for manned spaceflight and Cislunar activities. Russia(Soviet Union)has conducted research on nuclear thermal engines at the same time with US, mainly focusing on reactor fuel element technology. They have developed twisted strip high-temperature carbide fuel elements, with parameter levels highest in the world. By summarizing the development trends of nuclear thermal rocket engines in the United States and Russia, this paper analyzes the key technologies of nuclear thermal rocket engine reactors, and proposes development suggestions for future research on nuclear thermal rocket engines in China.

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备注/Memo

收稿日期:2022- 08- 31修回日期:2024- 04- 10
基金项目:民用航天“十三五”技术预先研究项目(D010304); 军工基础性科研院所稳定支持项目
作者简介:马晓秋(1973—),男,研究员,研究领域为液体火箭发动机总体与新概念推进技术。

更新日期/Last Update: 1900-01-01