火箭推进

航天发射场液氢泄漏的计算分析是一个比较复杂的问题,它涉及到流体的传热、传质,泄漏过程中的质量守恒、能量守恒以及组分守恒等问题。通过简化的发射场储罐的液氢的泄漏扩散模型,着重分析了泄漏压力、泄漏口大小和位置对于泄漏过程的影响规律。通过模拟发现液氢的泄漏速度随着泄漏口压力增大而增大,但是当泄漏口流量系数不变时,泄漏速度与泄漏口的大小无关。完全气化距离和完全气化时间都与泄漏压力和泄漏口大小呈正相关。同时使用TNO多能法,结合相变计算公式,对案例进行变压力及变泄漏口直径下的危害评估。结果发现,当泄漏出的蒸气云的体积小于受限空间体积时,泄漏口压力越大,泄漏口越大,液氢的泄漏量也越大,从而蒸气云爆炸的危害越大。

Liquid hydrogen leakage from storage tank in the launching site is a complicated problem, which involves the issues of mass transfer and heat transfer of liquid, energy conservation, mass conservation and component conservation in the leakage process. The effect of the leakage pressure, leakage hole size and leakage hole location on the leakage process is analyzed emphatically in this paper by means of the simplified leakage diffusion model of liquid hydrogen in the storage tank. According to the simulation, it was found that the leakage velocity increases with increase of the pressure at the leakage hole, but which is not related to the leakage hole size when the flow coefficient at the leakage hole remain constant. Complete evaporation distance and complete evaporate time are positively correlated with leakage pressure and leakage hole size. The multi energy method TNO, associated with phase changing formular,is employed to performed the risk assessment of hydrogen explosion. It is found that the higher the leakage pressure and the larger the leakage hole diameter are, the more amount of hydrogen leakage becomes, which may cause more significant hazard from the vapor cloud explosion, when the leaked vapor cloud volume is smaller than restrained volume.

引言
1 液氢泄漏扩散过程分析
2 爆炸危害分析
3 总结

图1 泄漏压力对泄漏速度及完全气化距离的影响<br/>Fig.1 Effect of leak pressure on leakage speed and complete gasification discharge distance

图1 泄漏压力对泄漏速度及完全气化距离的影响
Fig.1 Effect of leak pressure on leakage speed and complete gasification discharge distance

图2 泄漏口大小对泄漏速度及完全气化距离的影响<br/>Fig.2 Effect of leakage hole size on leakage speed and complete gasification discharge distance

图2 泄漏口大小对泄漏速度及完全气化距离的影响
Fig.2 Effect of leakage hole size on leakage speed and complete gasification discharge distance

图3 泄漏液面高度对泄漏速度及完全气化距离的影响<br/>Fig.3 Effect of height of leakage liquid level on leakage speed and complete gasification discharge distance

图3 泄漏液面高度对泄漏速度及完全气化距离的影响
Fig.3 Effect of height of leakage liquid level on leakage speed and complete gasification discharge distance

图4 泄漏压力不同时的爆炸危害评估<br/>Fig.4 Assessment of explosion hazards at different leakage pressures

图4 泄漏压力不同时的爆炸危害评估
Fig.4 Assessment of explosion hazards at different leakage pressures

图5 泄漏口大小不同时的爆炸危害评估<br/>Fig.5 Assessment of explosion hazards at different leakage hole size

图5 泄漏口大小不同时的爆炸危害评估
Fig.5 Assessment of explosion hazards at different leakage hole size

图6 泄漏口位置不同时的爆炸危害评估<br/>Fig.6 Assessment of explosion hazards at different leakage location

图6 泄漏口位置不同时的爆炸危害评估
Fig.6 Assessment of explosion hazards at different leakage location

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备注

引言

1 液氢泄漏扩散过程分析

2 爆炸危害分析

3 总结

期刊信息