碘工质霍尔推力器原理与研究进展
徐宗琦1,华志伟1,王平阳1,康小录2,3

(1.上海交通大学 机械与动力工程学院, 上海 200240; 2.上海空间推进技术研究所, 上海 201112; 3.上海空间发动机工程技术研究中心,上海201112)

电推进; 固态碘; 碘工质霍尔推力器; 推进原理

Principle and progress of hall thruster with iodine
XU Zongqi1,HUA Zhiwei1,WANG Pingyang1,KANG Xiaolu2,3

(1.School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; 2.Shanghai Institute of Space Propulsion, Shanghai 201112, China; 3.Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Space Engine, Shanghai 201112, China)

electric propulsion; solid iodine; hall thruster with iodine; propulsion principle

备注

霍尔效应推力器作为一种先进的电推进装置受到国内外航天界的广泛关注,利用氙气作为推进剂的中功率霍尔推进技术已相对成熟,并有上千台霍尔推力器在轨运行。然而,作为一种稀有气体,高纯度氙气价格昂贵,相对固体推进剂其储存密度偏低,高压储箱给安全和减重带来不利。因此,寻求一种新型固态工质替代氙气具有重要意义。2006年,有学者提出利用固态碘特有的升华和电离特性,可以代替氙气作为霍尔推力器的推进剂的想法,并对此进行了原理样机设计和初步实验研究。首先对国外的研究进展和目前能达到的推力器性能进行了概述,接着阐述了碘工质霍尔推力器的工作原理,然后总结了该推力器研究的关键技术和理论上可行的解决方案,最后对碘工质霍尔推力器的应用前景进行了展望。

Hall effect thruster as an advanced electric propulsion device has received extensive attention in the space community all over the world.The medium power hall propulsion technology with xenon is relatively mature, and there have been thousands of hall thrusters in orbit.However, as a noble gas, high-purity xenon is expensive.Its storage density is lower than solid propellant, and the high pressure storage tank causes negative effects to safety and weight loss.Therefore, it is very meaningful to seek a new type of solid operating medium instead of xenon.In 2006, some scholars put forward the idea that the solid iodine can replace xenon as the propellant of the hall thruster based on the unique sublimation and ionization properties.They also carried out the principle prototype design and preliminary experimental study.Firstly, the research progress abroad and the present performance of the thruster were stated.Secondly, the working principle of hall thruster was described.Thirdly, the key technology and the theoretically feasible solution were summarized. The prospect of applications was also commented here.