火箭推进

提出了一种基于热流反演方法的表面发射率测试方法,并应用该方法对火箭发动机用热防护材料镀铝薄膜表面发射率进行了测量。试验在真空舱中进行,利用石英灯对试片进行加热,建立了由石英灯和试片组成的热交换系统,根据传热理论推导出了包含试片表面发射率的传热方程。依靠热电偶测量试片温度变化,反演得到表面热流,代入传热方程,获得试验用镀铝薄膜表面发射率约为0.12。此外,还采用集总参数法对镀铝薄膜表面发射率进行了计算,两者结果相差小于1.5%。提出的发射率测试方法虽然不能得到光谱发射率,但已经可以满足工程应用,且简单易行。

A method of surface emissivity measurement based on the inverse heat flow calculation was proposed,and it was utilized to measure the surface emissivity of aluminized thin film as the thermal protection material of liquid-propellant rocket engine.The test was carried out in a vacuum cabin and the specimens were heated by a quartz lamp.The heat exchange system consisting of quartz lamp and specimens was established,and the heat transfer equation including surface the emissivity of specimen was derived according to the heat transfer theory.The temperature variation was measured with thermocouple and the heat flow was obtained in an inverse way.Then,the heat transfer equation could be solved with the known heat flow,and the emissivity of aluminized thin film used in the test was about 0.12.In addition,the surface emissivity of aluminized thin film was calculated by another lumped parameter method,and the difference between the two results was less than 1.5%.Although the emissivity measurement approach proposed in this paper cannot achieve the spectral emissivity,it is applicable to engineering practice and easy to perform.

引言
1 试验方法
2 试验结果分析
3 结论

图1 试验装置示意图及试片照片<br/>Fig.1 Schematic diagram of test bed and specimens photo

图1 试验装置示意图及试片照片
Fig.1 Schematic diagram of test bed and specimens photo

图2 热电偶布置示意图<br/>Fig.2 Schematic diagram of thermocouple layout

图2 热电偶布置示意图
Fig.2 Schematic diagram of thermocouple layout

图3 热流反演计算流程<br/>Fig.3 Procedure of heat flow inverse calculation

图3 热流反演计算流程
Fig.3 Procedure of heat flow inverse calculation

图4 试片下表面温度变化曲线<br/>Fig.4 Temperature variation on lower surface of specimens

图4 试片下表面温度变化曲线
Fig.4 Temperature variation on lower surface of specimens

表1 材料物性
Tab.1 Material properties

图5 Δ=0.05 mm热流密度变化曲线<br/>Fig.5 Heat flow variation at Δ=0.05 mm

图5 Δ=0.05 mm热流密度变化曲线
Fig.5 Heat flow variation at Δ=0.05 mm

图6 其他空间步长热流密度偏差<br/>Fig.6 Heat flow difference with other spacial step values

图6 其他空间步长热流密度偏差
Fig.6 Heat flow difference with other spacial step values

图7 上表面热流密度曲线<br/>Fig.7 Heat flow variation on upper surfaces

图7 上表面热流密度曲线
Fig.7 Heat flow variation on upper surfaces

图8 上表面温度曲线<br/>Fig.8 Temperature variation on upper surfaces

图8 上表面温度曲线
Fig.8 Temperature variation on upper surfaces

图9 石英灯平面温度变化曲线<br/>Fig.9 Temperature variation on the surface of quartz lamp

图9 石英灯平面温度变化曲线
Fig.9 Temperature variation on the surface of quartz lamp

图10 不同温度下的镀铝薄膜表面发射率<br/>Fig.10 Emissivity variation of aluminizedthin film at different temperatures

图10 不同温度下的镀铝薄膜表面发射率
Fig.10 Emissivity variation of aluminizedthin film at different temperatures

图11 不同的黑漆发射率对镀铝薄膜发射率计算结果的影响<br/>Fig.11 Influence of different black painting emissivity on the calculated emissivity of aluminized thin film

图11 不同的黑漆发射率对镀铝薄膜发射率计算结果的影响
Fig.11 Influence of different black painting emissivity on the calculated emissivity of aluminized thin film

图12 镀铝薄膜发射率计算结果<br/>Fig.12 Calculated emissivity of aluminized thin film

图12 镀铝薄膜发射率计算结果
Fig.12 Calculated emissivity of aluminized thin film

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备注

引言

1 试验方法

2 试验结果分析

3 结论

期刊信息