火箭推进

为研制新型轨控发动机所用的喷注器,对不锈钢环槽多层板进行了扩散钎焊工艺研究。随着焊接温度和保温时间的增加,焊缝与母材间各元素的扩散程度逐渐加深; 扩散未完全时焊缝由靠近母材的固溶体和中部的化合物组成,扩散完全时焊缝全部由固溶体组成。中间层内Ni、Si、B向母材扩散,母材内Fe向中间层扩散; Ni、Fe、B扩散速度较快,Si扩散速度较慢; Si和B的含量决定组织形态,Ni的含量影响接头强度。接头抗拉性能与扩散程度成正相关,其极限值已达母材的101%; 接头断口形貌最初为准解理完全脆断,随后发展到细韧窝部分塑断,最终呈现为大韧窝完全塑断。对于40 μm厚的B—Ni2中间层,最佳焊接温度、保温时间和加载压强分别为1 050～1 075 ℃、2 h和0.01～0.02 MPa。最佳工艺参数先后成功应用于模拟件和产品,焊接的某新型发动机已通过试车考核。

In order to develop the injector for the new orbit-control engine, the process of TLP welding of the stainless steel ring groove multilayer board was studied. With the increase of welding temperature and holding time, the diffusion of elements gradually deepens. When the diffusion is incomplete, the weld is composed of the solid solution in the edge and the compound in the middle. When the diffusion is complete, the weld is entirely composed of the solid solution. The Ni, Si and B gradually decrease, while the Fe gradually increases in the weld. The diffusion rate of Ni, Fe and B is faster, while the rate of Si is slower. The content of Si and B determines the structure, and the content of Ni affects the tensile properties. The tensile properties increase with the degree of diffusion, and the performance of the best joint can reach 101% of the base material. The fracture morphology changed from intergranular complete brittle fracture to partial plastic fracture of small tough dimples, and finally showed complete plastic fracture of larger tough dimples. For the B-Ni2 intermediate layer with a thickness of 40 μm, the optimal welding temperature, holding time and loading pressure are 1 050～1 075 ℃, 2 h and 0.01～0.02 MPa, respectively. The best parameters have been successfully applied to simulation parts and products, and a new welded orbit-control engine has passed the test.

引言
1 实验方法
2 实验结果
3 产品验证
4 结论

图1 喷注器实验件结构示意<br/>Fig.1 Structural diagram of the injector experiment piece

图1 喷注器实验件结构示意
Fig.1 Structural diagram of the injector experiment piece

表1 1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢主要化学成分的质量分数<br/>Tab.1 Main chemical composition of 1Cr18Ni9Ti 单位:%

表1 1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢主要化学成分的质量分数
Tab.1 Main chemical composition of 1Cr18Ni9Ti 单位:%

表2 钎料主要化学成分的质量分数<br/>Tab.2 Main chemical composition of solder 单位:%

表2 钎料主要化学成分的质量分数
Tab.2 Main chemical composition of solder 单位:%

图2 不同焊接温度下扩散钎焊接头显微组织<br/>Fig.2 Microstructure of diffusion brazed joints at different welding temperatures

图2 不同焊接温度下扩散钎焊接头显微组织
Fig.2 Microstructure of diffusion brazed joints at different welding temperatures

图3 不同焊接温度下扩散钎焊接头元素线扫描<br/>Fig.3 Linar scanner of elements in diffusion brazed joints at different welding temperatures

图3 不同焊接温度下扩散钎焊接头元素线扫描
Fig.3 Linar scanner of elements in diffusion brazed joints at different welding temperatures

图4 不同保温时间下扩散钎焊接头显微组织<br/>Fig.4 Microstructure of diffusion brazed joints at different holding time

图4 不同保温时间下扩散钎焊接头显微组织
Fig.4 Microstructure of diffusion brazed joints at different holding time

图5 接头元素能谱分析取样位置示意<br/>Fig.5 Sample location of elemental energy

图5 接头元素能谱分析取样位置示意
Fig.5 Sample location of elemental energy

表3 0.5 h扩散接头多区域元素能谱分析结果<br/>Tab.3 Elemental energy spectrum analysis results of diffusion brazed joints of 0.5 h

表3 0.5 h扩散接头多区域元素能谱分析结果
Tab.3 Elemental energy spectrum analysis results of diffusion brazed joints of 0.5 h

表4 1 h扩散接头多区域元素能谱分析结果<br/>Tab.4 Elemental energy spectrum analysis results of diffusion brazed joints of 1 h

表4 1 h扩散接头多区域元素能谱分析结果
Tab.4 Elemental energy spectrum analysis results of diffusion brazed joints of 1 h

表5 2 h扩散接头多区域元素能谱分析结果<br/>Tab.5 Elemental energy spectrum analysis results of diffusion brazed joints of 2 h

表5 2 h扩散接头多区域元素能谱分析结果
Tab.5 Elemental energy spectrum analysis results of diffusion brazed joints of 2 h

图6 保温时间对接头抗拉强度的影响规律<br/>Fig.6 Effect of holding time on joint tensile strength

图6 保温时间对接头抗拉强度的影响规律
Fig.6 Effect of holding time on joint tensile strength

图7 不同保温时间下的试样断口形貌<br/>Fig.7 Fracture morphology of samples at different holding time

图7 不同保温时间下的试样断口形貌
Fig.7 Fracture morphology of samples at different holding time

图8 不同加载压强下扩散钎焊接头显微组织<br/>Fig.8 Microstructure of diffusion brazed joints at different loading pressure

图8 不同加载压强下扩散钎焊接头显微组织
Fig.8 Microstructure of diffusion brazed joints at different loading pressure

图9 产品模拟件装焊结构示意<br/>Fig.9 Schematic diagram of assembly and welding of product simulation parts

图9 产品模拟件装焊结构示意
Fig.9 Schematic diagram of assembly and welding of product simulation parts

表6 产品扩散钎焊接头质量要求<br/>Tab.6 Quality requirements of diffusion brazed joints

表6 产品扩散钎焊接头质量要求
Tab.6 Quality requirements of diffusion brazed joints

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备注

引言

1 实验方法

2 实验结果

3 产品验证

4 结论

期刊信息