火箭推进

针对某型火箭发动机高压液氧涡轮泵离心轮的前、后凸肩动密封,采用孔型/蜂窝阻尼密封代替原始迷宫密封方案,并对密封结构参数进行优化设计,旨在减小泵内动静间隙泄漏,提高泵容积效率。采用经水工质孔型密封泄漏量实验数据验证的,基于k-ε湍流模型和三维定常Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)方程的液体孔型密封泄漏量数值计算方法,研究了孔深、孔径对液氧孔型阻尼密封、蜂窝阻尼密封泄漏特性的影响规律,并与迷宫密封的封严性能进行了比较。计算分析了8种孔径(0.3～2.0 mm)下、孔深在0.1～2.0 mm范围内连续变化时孔型阻尼密封的泄漏量。结果表明:相同孔径和孔深下,孔型阻尼密封和蜂窝阻尼密封具有相近的封严性能,均优于迷宫密封; 有限的密封轴向长度下,液氧孔型/蜂窝阻尼密封泄漏量随孔径的增大(轴向孔数目减小)先减小后增大,孔型/蜂窝阻尼密封最佳孔径为1.4 mm; 不同孔径下,液氧孔型/蜂窝密封均存在最佳深径比0.5,泄漏量达到最小值; 相比于原始迷宫密封方案,优化设计的孔型/蜂窝阻尼密封使液氧涡轮泵离心轮前、后凸肩动密封泄漏量分别减小了约19%和21%。

To reduce the leakage flow rates and improve the operation efficiency of the turbopump, as the replacement sealing scheme of the conventional labyrinth seal, the hole-pattern seal and honeycomb seal were designed and optimized for the front and rear shoulder rotating seals of the high-pressure liquid oxygen turbopump in a liquid rocket engine.The present numerical method based on the RNG k-ε turbulence model and steady RANS solutions were validated by comparisons to experiment data of leakage flow rates of a water-fed hole-pattern seal at different rotational speeds.The influences of the hole depth and hole diameter on the leakage performance of the hole-pattern and honeycomb seals were numerically investigated, and comparisons to the conventional labyrinth seal were also presented.The leakage flow rates were computed for the hole-pattern seal with continuously variable hole depth(0.1～2.0 mm)at eight hole diameters(0.3～2.0 mm).The results show that with the same hole geometry parameters(depth and diameter), the hole-pattern seal and the honeycomb seal possess the similar sealing performance which are both better than the conventional labyrinth seal.With the constant seal axial length, the leakage flow rates of the hole-pattern/honeycomb seals firstly decrease and then increase with the increasing hole diameter whose optimum value is 1.4 mm in this paper.For all the hole diameter cases, the hole-pattern/honeycomb seal possess the optimum ratio of the hole depth to diameter 0.5, where the best sealing performance were obtained.Compared to the conventional labyrinth seal, the leakage flow rates through the front and rear rotating seals of the high-pressure liquid oxygen turbopump were reduced by about 19% and 21% respectively, when the optimized hole-pattern/honeycomb seal were introduced.

引言
1 孔型/蜂窝阻尼密封设计方案
2 计算模型和数值方法
3 结果与讨论
4 结论

图1 液氧涡轮泵局部结构图<br/>Fig.1 Schematic of the liquid oxygen turbine pump

图1 液氧涡轮泵局部结构图
Fig.1 Schematic of the liquid oxygen turbine pump

表1 前、后凸肩动密封装配尺寸<br/>Tab.1 Assembly dimensions of the front and rear shoulder seals

表1 前、后凸肩动密封装配尺寸
Tab.1 Assembly dimensions of the front and rear shoulder seals

图2 孔型/蜂窝阻尼密封<br/>Fig.2 Hole-pattern/honeycomb seal

图2 孔型/蜂窝阻尼密封
Fig.2 Hole-pattern/honeycomb seal

表2 孔型密封孔腔结构参数<br/>Tab.2 Geometry parameters of the holes in the hole-pattern seal

表2 孔型密封孔腔结构参数
Tab.2 Geometry parameters of the holes in the hole-pattern seal

图3 迷宫、孔型和蜂窝密封三维计算网格<br/>Fig.3 Computational meshes of labyrinth seal, hole-pattern seal and honeycomb seal

图3 迷宫、孔型和蜂窝密封三维计算网格
Fig.3 Computational meshes of labyrinth seal, hole-pattern seal and honeycomb seal

表3 数值方法和边界条件<br/>Tab.3 Numerical methods and boundary conditions

表3 数值方法和边界条件
Tab.3 Numerical methods and boundary conditions

图4 不同转速下,水工质孔型密封泄漏量<br/>Fig.4 Leakage flow rates of water-fed hole-pattern seal at different rotational speeds

图4 不同转速下,水工质孔型密封泄漏量
Fig.4 Leakage flow rates of water-fed hole-pattern seal at different rotational speeds

图5 不同孔径下前凸肩孔型密封泄漏量随孔深变化曲线<br/>Fig.5 Leakage flow rate versus hole depth for the front shoulder seal at different hole diameter

图5 不同孔径下前凸肩孔型密封泄漏量随孔深变化曲线
Fig.5 Leakage flow rate versus hole depth for the front shoulder seal at different hole diameter

图6 不同孔深下,孔型密封孔腔子午面流线分布<br/>Fig.6 Streamline distributions on the meridian plane of the hole cavity at different hole depths

图6 不同孔深下,孔型密封孔腔子午面流线分布
Fig.6 Streamline distributions on the meridian plane of the hole cavity at different hole depths

图7 最佳深径比H/D=0.5下,前凸肩孔型密封泄漏量随孔径的变化曲线<br/>Fig.7 Leakage flow rate versus hole diameter of the font shoulder hole-pattern seal with the optimum ratio of hole-depth to diameter

图7 最佳深径比H/D=0.5下,前凸肩孔型密封泄漏量随孔径的变化曲线
Fig.7 Leakage flow rate versus hole diameter of the font shoulder hole-pattern seal with the optimum ratio of hole-depth to diameter

表4 孔型和蜂窝密封方案孔腔尺寸<br/>Tab.4 Geometry parameters of hole-pattern seal and honeycomb seal

表4 孔型和蜂窝密封方案孔腔尺寸
Tab.4 Geometry parameters of hole-pattern seal and honeycomb seal

图8 前凸肩动密封的迷宫、孔型和蜂窝密封方案泄漏量比较<br/>Fig.8 Leakage flow rates of labyrinth seal, hole-pattern seal and honeycomb seal for the front shoulder seal

图8 前凸肩动密封的迷宫、孔型和蜂窝密封方案泄漏量比较
Fig.8 Leakage flow rates of labyrinth seal, hole-pattern seal and honeycomb seal for the front shoulder seal

图9 后凸肩动密封的迷宫、孔型和蜂窝密封方案泄漏量比较<br/>Fig.9 Leakage flow rates of labyrinth seal, hole-pattern seal and honeycomb seal for the rear shoulder seal

图9 后凸肩动密封的迷宫、孔型和蜂窝密封方案泄漏量比较
Fig.9 Leakage flow rates of labyrinth seal, hole-pattern seal and honeycomb seal for the rear shoulder seal

图10 迷宫、孔型和蜂窝密封孔腔子午面流线分布<br/>Fig.10 Streamline distributions on the meridian plane of the labyrinth seal, hole-pattern seal and honeycomb seal

图10 迷宫、孔型和蜂窝密封孔腔子午面流线分布
Fig.10 Streamline distributions on the meridian plane of the labyrinth seal, hole-pattern seal and honeycomb seal

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备注

引言

1 孔型/蜂窝阻尼密封设计方案

2 计算模型和数值方法

3 结果与讨论

4 结论

期刊信息