水击波压力尖峰产生的原因及其影响因素分析

(西安航天动力研究所 液体火箭发动机技术重点实验室,陕西 西安 710100)

液体火箭发动机; 水击; 压力尖峰; 仿真

Analysis on the causes of pressure spike superimposed on water hammer and its influencing factors
ZHOU Chenchu,ZHANG Chenxi,CHEN Hongyu,REN Xiaowen

(Science and Technology on Liquid Rocket Engine Laboratory,Xi'an Aerospace Propulsion Institute,Xi'an 710100,China)

liquid rocket engine; water hammer; pressure spike; simulation

备注

液体火箭发动机及其试验台关机过程中水击波上叠加的压力尖峰是造成产品破坏的常见故障之一。为分析该压力尖峰产生的原因,采用一维有限元法建立了发动机仿真模型,考虑阀门前后流道、容腔的影响,建立了主阀精细化仿真模型,利用试验数据验证了模型的正确性。在此基础上开展压力尖峰仿真研究,结果表明:该压力尖峰是由于阀门固有结构使得阀芯前流道变窄造成的; 由于变窄后的流道一般较短,该局部水击持续时间极短,表现为尖峰状; 改变阀门入口窄流道的长度后,水击曲线呈阶梯状,其幅值与管径呈反相关,持续时间与相应管路的长度呈正相关。

During the shutdown of liquid rocket engine and its test bed,the pressure spike superimposed on the water hammer is one of the common faults that cause product damage.In order to analyze the reason of this pressure spike,an engine simulation model is established by using one-dimension finite element method,and a refined model of the main valve is established by considering the influence of the narrow flow channel in front of valve core.The correctness of the model is verified by the experimental data.On this basis,the further study on this pressure spike is carried out.The results show that the pressure spike is caused by the narrow flow channel in front of valve core due to the inherent structure of the valve.Because the narrow flow channel is generally shorter,the duration of the local water hammer is so short that it appears as a spike.By changing the length of the narrow flow channel,the water hammer curve is stepped and its amplitude is inversely correlated with the pipe diameter,and its duration is positively correlated with the length of the corresponding pipeline.

·