空间交会对接机构综述及发展展望

(1.北京航天试验技术研究所,北京100074;2.北京科技大学,北京100083)

空间交会; 对接机构; 航天器; 在轨可更换模块; 锁紧结构; 对接技术

Review and development prospect of space rendezvous and docking mechanism
MA Shuai1,2,FENG Xin1,KONG Ning2,ZHOU Lei1,ZHU Zihuan1

(1.Beijing Institute of Aerospace Testing Technology, Beijing 100074, China; 2.University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083, China)

space rendezvous; docking mechanism; spacecraft; orbital replacement unit; locking structure; docking technology

备注

空间交会对接是发展航天事业、探索未知空间的必要技术,针对航天工程中载人送货或在轨维修的航天器交会对接技术需求,重点梳理了多年来国内外空间交会对接机构的研究进展与成果。将利用火箭发动机推进技术实现航天器结合的机械式空间交会对接机构区分成锥杆式、周边式、三爪式3类,并对比阐述了它们工作模式的不同。沿着空间交会对接技术的发展主线,概述了大小型航天器、在轨可更换模块的对接机构形式、锁紧结构和工作原理。通过国内外的综述内容对比,揭示了国内空间交会对接机构发展的技术差距,提出了空间交会对接机构发展的关键方向与核心技术,为我国航天事业的发展提供参考。

Space rendezvous and docking is a necessary technology for developing aerospace industry and exploring unknown space.Aiming at the technical requirements of spacecraft rendezvous and docking for manned delivery or on-orbit maintenance in aerospace engineering, the research progress and achievements of space rendezvous and docking mechanism at home and abroad over the years were emphatically reviewed.The mechanical space rendezvous and docking mechanism utilizing the rocket engine propulsion technology to complete the spacecraft integration was divided into three types:cone-rod, peripheral and three-claw, and their different working modes were compared.Along the development of space rendezvous and docking technology, the docking mechanism, locking structure and working principle of large and small spacecraft and orbital replacement unit were summarized.Through the comparison of the review content at home and abroad, the technological gaps in domestic space rendezvous and docking mechanism development are revealed, and the key directions and core technologies for the space rendezvous and docking mechanism development are proposed, which provides reference for the development of China's aerospace industry.

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