火箭推进

空心阴极和离子推力器或霍尔推力器的耦合放电与其和平板阳极的独立放电有明显差异,主要表现为工作特性不同和寿命大幅缩短等。基于空心阴极的设计寿命与其在推力器中实际寿命显著不同的事实,归纳分析了空心阴极在推力器中寿命缩短的主要原因,总结了推力器中电场、磁场、背景中性气体密度等因素对空心阴极寿命的影响机理研究现状,并提出需要进一步深化的主要研究内容。

The coupling discharge of hollow cathode in ion thruster and hall thruster is significantly different from its independent discharge with flat electrode, mainly manifested in different working characteristics and greatly shortened service life.Based on the fact that the design life of hollow cathode is significantly different from its actual life in thruster, the main reasons for the shortening of the life of hollow cathode in thruster were analyzed, the influence of electric field, magnetic field and background neutral gas density on the life of hollow cathode was summarized, and the main research contents that need to be further deepened were put forward.

引言
1 空心阴极放电损耗现象
2 离子推力器中的主阴极受损机理
3 霍尔推力器中的阴极受损机理
4 结论

图1 空心阴极结构示意图<br/>Fig.1 Schematic diagram of hollow cathode structure

图1 空心阴极结构示意图
Fig.1 Schematic diagram of hollow cathode structure

图2 不同阴极-阳极间距下的阴极羽流形貌<br/>Fig.2 Cathode plume morphology under different cathode-anode distance

图2 不同阴极-阳极间距下的阴极羽流形貌
Fig.2 Cathode plume morphology under different cathode-anode distance

图3 阴极—阳极间距对阳极电压及其振荡幅度的影响<br/>Fig.3 Influence of cathode-anode distance on anode voltage and voltage oscillation amplitude

图3 阴极—阳极间距对阳极电压及其振荡幅度的影响
Fig.3 Influence of cathode-anode distance on anode voltage and voltage oscillation amplitude

图4 两种阳极结构下测量区域示意图<br/>Fig.4 Schematic diagram of measurement area under two anode structures

图4 两种阳极结构下测量区域示意图
Fig.4 Schematic diagram of measurement area under two anode structures

图5 环形阳极下的平均电位和振幅<br/>Fig.5 Average plasma potential and amplitude of plasma potential under annular anode

图5 环形阳极下的平均电位和振幅
Fig.5 Average plasma potential and amplitude of plasma potential under annular anode

图6 平板阳极下的平均电位和振幅<br/>Fig.6 Average plasma potential and amplitude of plasma potential under plate anode

图6 平板阳极下的平均电位和振幅
Fig.6 Average plasma potential and amplitude of plasma potential under plate anode

图7 不同磁场强度下阴极腐蚀情况<br/>Fig.7 Cathodic corrosion under different magnetic field intensity

图7 不同磁场强度下阴极腐蚀情况
Fig.7 Cathodic corrosion under different magnetic field intensity

图8 不同阳极流率下阴极腐蚀情况<br/>Fig.8 Cathodic corrosion under different anode flow rates

图8 不同阳极流率下阴极腐蚀情况
Fig.8 Cathodic corrosion under different anode flow rates

表1 阴极腐蚀点位置实验的推力器操作条件<br/>Tab.1 Thruster operation conditions for the evaluation of cathode erosion spot location

表1 阴极腐蚀点位置实验的推力器操作条件
Tab.1 Thruster operation conditions for the evaluation of cathode erosion spot location

图9 不同背压下阴极羽流形貌<br/>Fig.9 Cathode plume morphology under different back pressures

图9 不同背压下阴极羽流形貌
Fig.9 Cathode plume morphology under different back pressures

图10 不同背压和电流下的离子能量分布<br/>Fig.10 Ion energy distribution under different back pressure and current

图10 不同背压和电流下的离子能量分布
Fig.10 Ion energy distribution under different back pressure and current

图11 电流标准差随背压的变化<br/>Fig.11 Variation of current standard deviation with back pressure

图11 电流标准差随背压的变化
Fig.11 Variation of current standard deviation with back pressure

图12 不同阴极流率下电流振荡幅度<br/>Fig.12 Current oscillation amplitude under different cathode flow rates

图12 不同阴极流率下电流振荡幅度
Fig.12 Current oscillation amplitude under different cathode flow rates

图13 磁场对电流和电压特性的影响<br/>Fig.13 Influence of magnetic field on current and voltage characteristics

图13 磁场对电流和电压特性的影响
Fig.13 Influence of magnetic field on current and voltage characteristics

图14 磁场强度对电流和电压振荡幅度的影响<br/>Fig.14 Influence of magnetic field intensity on current and voltage oscillation amplitude

图14 磁场强度对电流和电压振荡幅度的影响
Fig.14 Influence of magnetic field intensity on current and voltage oscillation amplitude

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备注

引言

1 空心阴极放电损耗现象

2 离子推力器中的主阴极受损机理

3 霍尔推力器中的阴极受损机理

4 结论

期刊信息