火箭推进

可重复使用液体火箭发动机研制需求的出现,对涡轮泵结构可靠性设计提出了更高的要求。针对涡轮泵中轴承在低温、高速、重载、重复启停等恶劣工况下容易失效的问题,以某型可重复使用液氧/煤油火箭发动机涡轮泵为研究对象,从结构、材料、保持架等方面对涡轮泵轴承进行了设计和动力学计算分析。根据涡轮泵工作工况,设计了低温和常温轴承运转试验系统,进行了轴承重复启停运转试验,试验过程中对轴承温度和运转转速进行监测以便判断轴承状态,试验后检查轴承钢球和滚道均正常,并对轴承设计参数进行复测发现无较大偏差。试验结果表明,设计的涡轮泵轴承在设计转速下可以完成预定的重复启停运转,同时试后同批次轴承搭载发动机试车考核成功重复点火十余次。

The demand for the development of reusable liquid rocket engines has put forward higher requirements for the reliability design of turbopump structures. Aiming at the problem of failure of bearings in turbopumps under harsh working conditions such as low temperature, high speed, heavy load, and repeated start-stop, a certain type of reusable liquid oxygen kerosene rocket engine turbopump was taken as the research object, the design and dynamic simulation analysis of turbopump bearings were carried out from the aspects of structure, material, and retainer. Based on the working conditions of the turbopump, a low-temperature and room-temperature bearing operation test system was designed, and repeated start-stop operation tests were conducted. During the test, the bearing temperature and operating speed were monitored to determine the bearing status. After the test, the bearing steel balls and raceways were checked to be normal, and the bearing design parameters were retested and found to have no significant deviation. The experimental results show that the designed turbopump bearings can complete the predetermined repeated start-stop operation at the design speed, and at the same time, the same batch of bearings were successfully tested with engines, and ignition was repeated more than ten times.

引言
1 可重复使用涡轮泵轴承设计
2 轴承动力学分析
3 涡轮泵轴承运转试验
4 结论

图1 涡轮泵轴系结构<br/>Fig.1 Shaft structure of the turbopump

图1 涡轮泵轴系结构
Fig.1 Shaft structure of the turbopump

表1 轴承设计要求<br/>Tab.1 Design requirements of bearings

表1 轴承设计要求
Tab.1 Design requirements of bearings

表2 轴承结构参数<br/>Tab.2 Structure parameters of bearings

表2 轴承结构参数
Tab.2 Structure parameters of bearings

图2 轴承钢球受力模型<br/>Fig.2 Mechanical model of bearing steel balls

图2 轴承钢球受力模型
Fig.2 Mechanical model of bearing steel balls

图3 轴承最大接触应力<br/>Fig.3 Maximum contact stress of the bearing

图3 轴承最大接触应力
Fig.3 Maximum contact stress of the bearing

图4 轴承最大旋滚比<br/>Fig.4 Maximum rolling ratio of the bearing

图4 轴承最大旋滚比
Fig.4 Maximum rolling ratio of the bearing

图5 轴承钢球拖动力<br/>Fig.5 Towing power of the bearing steel ball

图5 轴承钢球拖动力
Fig.5 Towing power of the bearing steel ball

表3 轴承寿命
Tab.3 Lives of bearings

图6 低温轴承运转试验台<br/>Fig.6 Cryogenic experimental device for bearings

图6 低温轴承运转试验台
Fig.6 Cryogenic experimental device for bearings

图7 低温轴承试验器结构<br/>Fig.7 Structure of cryogenic bearing testing device

图7 低温轴承试验器结构
Fig.7 Structure of cryogenic bearing testing device

图8 常温轴承运转试验台<br/>Fig.8 Room-temperature experimental device for bearings

图8 常温轴承运转试验台
Fig.8 Room-temperature experimental device for bearings

图9 常温轴承试验器结构<br/>Fig.9 Structure of the room-temperature bearing testing device

图9 常温轴承试验器结构
Fig.9 Structure of the room-temperature bearing testing device

图10 轴承试验参数变化<br/>Fig.10 Variation of bearing parameters during the test

图10 轴承试验参数变化
Fig.10 Variation of bearing parameters during the test

图11 轴承1试后状态<br/>Fig.11 Status of No.1 bearing after test

图11 轴承1试后状态
Fig.11 Status of No.1 bearing after test

图12 轴承2试后状态<br/>Fig.12 Status of No.2 bearing after test

图12 轴承2试后状态
Fig.12 Status of No.2 bearing after test

图13 轴承3试后状态<br/>Fig.13 Status of No.3 bearing after test

图13 轴承3试后状态
Fig.13 Status of No.3 bearing after test

图14 轴承4试后状态<br/>Fig.14 Status of No.4 bearing after test

图14 轴承4试后状态
Fig.14 Status of No.4 bearing after test

表4 轴承试后参数<br/>Tab.4 Bearing parameters after test

表4 轴承试后参数
Tab.4 Bearing parameters after test

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备注

引言

1 可重复使用涡轮泵轴承设计

2 轴承动力学分析

3 涡轮泵轴承运转试验

4 结论

期刊信息