火箭推进

开展了激光增材制造镍基高温合金在7种温度下的拉伸试验,通过断口分析、数据处理等手段研究了增材制造高温合金的破坏机制及本构模型。结果表明:镍基高温合金的屈服强度、抗拉强度随着温度的升高而降低; 温度高于673 K时,塑性段出现锯齿流变现象,随着温度的升高,锯齿的密度减小; 试件断口表面存在大量韧窝和撕裂棱,具有显著的韧性断裂特征; 通过考虑应变和温度对材料塑性行为的耦合影响,建立了以J-C和Z-A模型为基础来拟合合金流动应力的改进本构模型,拟合值和试验值吻合较好,相对误差绝对值均小于4%; 将有限元仿真结果和试验的载荷-位移曲线进行对比,进一步证明了所建立本构模型的准确性。

Tensile tests on laser additive manufactured of Nickel-based superalloy at seven temperatures are carried out. The failure mechanism and constitutive model of additive manufactured superalloy are studied through fracture analysis and data processing. The results show that the yield strength and tensile strength of Nickel-based superalloy decrease with the increase of temperature. When the temperature is higher than 673 K, the sawtooth flow phenomenon occurs in the plastic section, and the density of sawtooth decreases with the increase of temperature. There are a lot of dimples and tearing edges on the fracture surface of the specimen, exhibiting significant ductile fracture characteristics. By considering the coupling effect of strain and temperature on the plastic behavior of the material, an improved constitutive model based on J-C and Z-A models is established to fit the flow stress of the alloy. The fitting values are in good agreement with the experimental values, and the absolute values of relative errors are all less than 4%. The finite element simulation results are compared with the load-displacement curves of the test, which further proves the accuracy of the constitutive model.

引言
1 材料和试验方法
2 试验结果和分析
3 本构模型
4 拉伸试验的有限元分析
5 结论

图1 拉伸试验装置
Fig.1 Tensile test device

表1 镍基高温合金不同温度下的力学性能<br/>Tab.1 Mechanical properties of Nickel-based superalloy at different temperatures

表1 镍基高温合金不同温度下的力学性能
Tab.1 Mechanical properties of Nickel-based superalloy at different temperatures

图2 镍基高温合金在不同温度下的误差棒图<br/>Fig.2 Error bar diagrams of Nickel-based superalloy at different temperatures

图2 镍基高温合金在不同温度下的误差棒图
Fig.2 Error bar diagrams of Nickel-based superalloy at different temperatures

图3 镍基高温合金在不同温度下颈缩前的屈服阶段真实应力-应变曲线<br/>Fig.3 True stress-strain curves of Nickel-based superalloy at different temperatures before necking

图3 镍基高温合金在不同温度下颈缩前的屈服阶段真实应力-应变曲线
Fig.3 True stress-strain curves of Nickel-based superalloy at different temperatures before necking

图4 镍基高温合金在同一应变下拉伸真实应力随温度变化趋势<br/>Fig.4 Variation trend of true tensile stress with temperature change under the same strain for Nickel-based superalloy

图4 镍基高温合金在同一应变下拉伸真实应力随温度变化趋势
Fig.4 Variation trend of true tensile stress with temperature change under the same strain for Nickel-based superalloy

$图5 拉伸断口SEM拍摄结果<br/>Fig.5 SEM results of tensile fracture$

图5 拉伸断口SEM拍摄结果
Fig.5 SEM results of tensile fracture

表2 原始J-C模型参数值<br/>Tab.2 Parameters of the original J-C model

表2 原始J-C模型参数值
Tab.2 Parameters of the original J-C model

图6 原始J-C模型拟合流动应力值与试验值对比<br/>Fig.6 Comparison of flow stress values fitted by the original J-C model with experimental values

图6 原始J-C模型拟合流动应力值与试验值对比
Fig.6 Comparison of flow stress values fitted by the original J-C model with experimental values

表3 以J-C模型为基础的改进模型参数值<br/>Tab.3 Parameters of the improved model based on the J-C model

表3 以J-C模型为基础的改进模型参数值
Tab.3 Parameters of the improved model based on the J-C model

表4 以Z-A模型为基础的改进模型参数值<br/>Tab.4 Parameters of the improved model based on the Z-A model

表4 以Z-A模型为基础的改进模型参数值
Tab.4 Parameters of the improved model based on the Z-A model

图7 镍基高温合金在不同温度下流动应力的拟合值与试验值对比<br/>Fig.7 Comparison of fitted and experimental values of flow stress at different temperatures for nickel-based superalloy

图7 镍基高温合金在不同温度下流动应力的拟合值与试验值对比
Fig.7 Comparison of fitted and experimental values of flow stress at different temperatures for nickel-based superalloy

表5 镍基高温合金流动应力拟合值与试验值的对比<br/>Tab.5 Comparison of flow stress fitted values with experimental values for nickel-based superalloy

表5 镍基高温合金流动应力拟合值与试验值的对比
Tab.5 Comparison of flow stress fitted values with experimental values for nickel-based superalloy

图8 载荷和边界条件施加示意图<br/>Fig.8 Schematic diagram of load and boundary condition application

图8 载荷和边界条件施加示意图
Fig.8 Schematic diagram of load and boundary condition application

图9 整体网格划分结果<br/>Fig.9 The result of overall mesh division

图9 整体网格划分结果
Fig.9 The result of overall mesh division

图10 镍基高温合金在不同温度下有限元与试验载荷-位移曲线对比<br/>Fig.10 Load-displacement curve comparison of finite element analysis and test under different temperatures for Nickel-based superalloy

图10 镍基高温合金在不同温度下有限元与试验载荷-位移曲线对比
Fig.10 Load-displacement curve comparison of finite element analysis and test under different temperatures for Nickel-based superalloy

表6 有限元分析和试验的载荷-位移曲线结果对比<br/>Tab.6 Comparison of load-displacement curve results between finite element analysis and test

表6 有限元分析和试验的载荷-位移曲线结果对比
Tab.6 Comparison of load-displacement curve results between finite element analysis and test

[1] 袁战伟,常逢春,马瑞,等.增材制造镍基高温合金研究进展[J]. 材料导报,2022,36(3): 200-208.
[2]李涤尘,田小永,王永信,等.增材制造技术的发展[J]. 电加工与模具,2012(S1): 20-22.
[3]杨强,鲁中良,黄福享,等.激光增材制造技术的研究现状及发展趋势[J].航空制造技术,2016,59(12): 26-31.
[4]倪江涛,隋阳,刘涵,等.增材制造技术在国外航天动力系统中的应用[J].导弹与航天运载技术,2022(3): 144-146.
[5]张武昆,谭永华,高玉闪,等.液体火箭发动机增材制造技术研究进展[J].推进技术,2022,43(5): 29- 44.
[6]谭永华,赵剑,张武昆,等.融合增材制造的液体火箭发动机创新设计方法与应用[J].火箭推进,2023,49(4): 1-16.
[7]刘占一,张魏静,周康,等.基于增材制造技术的液氧/甲烷燃烧室身部设计及热试分析[J].火箭推进,2023,49(4): 82-89.

₂

[8]GURUSAMY M M, RAO B C. On the performance of modified Zerilli-Armstrong constitutive model in simulating the metal-cutting process[J]. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 2017, 28: 253-265.
[9]LIU H Q, CHENG Z C, YU W, et al. Deformation behavior and constitutive equation of 42CrMo steel at high temperature[J]. Metals, 2021, 11(10): 1614.
[10]杨波,吴诗豪,包振男,等.GH3128合金热变形行为与唯象本构模型[J].锻压技术,2022,47(5): 226-234.
[11]YUAN K B, GUO W G, LI D W, et al. Influence of heat treatments on plastic flow of laser deposited Inconel 718: testing and microstructural based constitutive modeling[J]. International Journal of Plasticity, 2021, 136: 102865.
[12]GAO T J, ZHAO D, ZHANG T W, et al. Strain-rate-sensitive mechanical response, twinning, and texture features of NiCoCrFe high-entropy alloy: Experiments, multi-level crystal plasticity and artificial neural networks modeling[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2020, 845: 155911.
[13]袁康博,姚小虎,王瑞丰,等.金属材料的率-温耦合响应与动态本构关系综述[J].爆炸与冲击,2022,42(9): 1-35.
[14]YANG H, YANG J S, LI J P, et al. Simulation of resistance heating process for AZ31B magnesium alloy sheet[J]. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2021, 1777(1): 012052.
[15]LIN Y C, CHEN X M, LIU G. A modified Johnson-Cook model for tensile behaviors of typical high-strength alloy steel[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2010, 527(26): 6980-6986.
[16]ZHANG H J, WEN W D, CUI H T. Behaviors of IC10 alloy over a wide range of strain rates and temperatures: experiments and modeling[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2009, 504(1/2): 99-103.
[17]ZERILLI F J, ARMSTRONG R W. Dislocation-mechanics-based constitutive relations for material dynamics calculations[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 1987, 61(5): 1816-1825.
[18]ZHANG H J, WEN W D, CUI H T, et al. A modified Zerilli-Armstrong model for alloy IC10 over a wide range of temperatures and strain rates[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2009, 527(1/2): 328-333.
[19]SAMANTARAY D, MANDAL S, BORAH U, et al. A thermo-viscoplastic constitutive model to predict elevated-temperature flow behaviour in a titanium-modified austenitic stainless steel[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2009, 526(1/2): 1-6.
[20]CHIHAB K, ESTRIN Y, KUBIN L P, et al. The kinetics of the Portevin-Le Chatelier bands in an Al-5%Mg alloy[J]. Scripta Metallurgica, 1987, 21(2): 203-208.
[21]钱匡武,彭开萍,陈文哲.金属动态应变时效现象中的“锯齿屈服”[J].福建工程学院学报,2003,1(1): 4-8.
[22]LEBEDKINA T A, LEBYODKIN M A, CHATEAU J P, et al. On the mechanism of unstable plastic flow in an austenitic FeMnC TWIP steel[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2009, 519(1/2): 147-154.
[23]RENARD K, RYELANDT S, JACQUES P J. Characterisation of the Portevin-Le Chatelier effect affecting an austenitic TWIP steel based on digital image correlation[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2010, 527(12): 2969-2977.
[24]张琳,宋若康,屈国欣,等.镍基高温合金GH536在室温下的锯齿流变行为[J].昆明理工大学学报(自然科学版),2021,46(5): 26-31.
[25]WANG J J, GUO W G, GAO X S, et al. The third-type of strain aging and the constitutive modeling of a Q235B steel over a wide range of temperatures and strain rates[J]. International Journal of Plasticity, 2015, 65: 85-107.
[26]王建军,袁康博,张晓琼,等.第三型应变时效的提出与研究进展[J].爆炸与冲击,2021,41(5): 1-11.
[27]SONG Y, GARCIA-GONZALEZ D, RUSINEK A. Constitutive models for dynamic strain aging in metals: Strain rate and temperature dependences on the flow stress[J]. Materials, 2020, 13(7): 1794.
[28]SONG Y, VOYIADJIS G Z. Constitutive modeling of dynamic strain aging for HCP metals[J]. European Journal of Mechanics - A/Solids, 2020, 83: 104034.
[29]RAN J Q, ZHANG G Q, CHEN G P, et al. A multi-strain-rate damage model on fracture prediction in single-point diamond turning process[J]. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2020, 110(9): 2753-2765.
[30]徐腾,邓春阳,冉家琪,等.金属的应变率效应及其动态本构研究进展[J/OL].机械工程学报: 1-8.[2023-06-05]. https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.2187.TH.20230320.1431.002.html.
[31]赵家黎,邵坤鹏,张盼盼,等.基于J-C本物模型的2A12铝合金高速铣削特性研究[J].兰州理工大学学报, 2021,47(06): 45-49.

备注

引言

1 材料和试验方法

2 试验结果和分析

3 本构模型

4 拉伸试验的有限元分析

5 结论

期刊信息