火箭推进

液氧/甲烷推进剂组合凭借其比冲性能、绿色无毒、空间贮存特性及原位资源利用等综合性能高的优势,被NASA选定为未来化学空间推进的主要发展方向。Morpheus着陆器顺利在肯尼迪航天中心完成自由飞行与自主着陆试验,标志着NASA的液氧/甲烷空间推进技术达到了从单项技术开发走向系统集成应用的新里程碑。介绍了Morpheus着陆器的研制历程与研发模式,针对其采用的液氧/甲烷轨姿控一体化推进系统,详细介绍了系统构成、推进剂输送方案和供应管路热控方案,以及可变推力主发动机和滚动控制发动机的设计原则、研制历程、涉及的主要技术问题与解决措施等。

Liquid oxygen/liquid methane(LO2/LCH4)was choosed as main developing direction for future chemical space propulsion, because of its advantages at specific pulse, green and non-toxic, easy to storage in space, in-situ resource utilization and etc.Successful free flight and autonomous landing of the Morpheus lander in Kennedy Space Center indicates that NASA's liquid oxygen /liquid methane(LO2/LCH4)space propulsion technologies have reached the new milestones from single technology development to system integration application.The development process and research mode of Morpheus lander are introduced in this paper.For the integrated LO2/LCH4 propulsion system, the composition, propellant feeding scheme and thermal control method of feeding lines are discussed in detail.Besides, the design principle, development process, major technical issues and their solutions of the main engine with variable thrust and rolling control engine are also investigated in this paper.The results are valuable for development of the advanced cryogenic propulsion system of future planet landers.

引言
1 Morpheus着陆器
2 液氧/甲烷轨姿控一体化推进系统
3 液氧甲烷发动机
4 结论

图1 Morpheus着陆器在KSC星球地貌模拟降落场自由飞行及自主着陆<br/>Fig.1 Free flight and autonomous landing of Morpheus lander at the simulative landing field in KSC

图1 Morpheus着陆器在KSC星球地貌模拟降落场自由飞行及自主着陆
Fig.1 Free flight and autonomous landing of Morpheus lander at the simulative landing field in KSC

图2 Morpheus液氧/甲烷主发动机<br/>Fig.2 LOX/LCH4 main engine of Morpheus

图2 Morpheus液氧/甲烷主发动机
Fig.2 LOX/LCH4 main engine of Morpheus

图3 Morpheus液氧/甲烷滚动控制发动机<br/>Fig.3 LOX/LCH4 roll control engine of Morpheus

图3 Morpheus液氧/甲烷滚动控制发动机
Fig.3 LOX/LCH4 roll control engine of Morpheus

图4 Morpheus动力系统液氧/甲烷推进剂供应管路<br/>Fig.4 LOX/LCH4 propellant feeding lines of Morpheus propulsion system

图4 Morpheus动力系统液氧/甲烷推进剂供应管路
Fig.4 LOX/LCH4 propellant feeding lines of Morpheus propulsion system

表1 Morpheus HD4和HD5发动机的测试活动<br/>Tab.1 Test activities of Morpheus HD4 and HD5 engines

表1 Morpheus HD4和HD5发动机的测试活动
Tab.1 Test activities of Morpheus HD4 and HD5 engines

图5 Morpheus HD4发动机点火启动过程<br/>Fig.5 Start-up procedure of Morpheus HD4 engine

图5 Morpheus HD4发动机点火启动过程
Fig.5 Start-up procedure of Morpheus HD4 engine

图6 HD4-A-LT发动机试验中的高频燃烧不稳定现象<br/>Fig.6 High-frequencycombustion instability appearing in HD4-A-LT engine test

图6 HD4-A-LT发动机试验中的高频燃烧不稳定现象
Fig.6 High-frequencycombustion instability appearing in HD4-A-LT engine test

图7 HD5发动机某次试验中的高频燃烧不稳定现象<br/>Fig.7 High-frequency combustion instability occurring in HD5 engine test

图7 HD5发动机某次试验中的高频燃烧不稳定现象
Fig.7 High-frequency combustion instability occurring in HD5 engine test

表2 Morpheus姿控动力系统技术要求<br/>Tab.2 Technical requirements of Morpheus attitude-control system

表2 Morpheus姿控动力系统技术要求
Tab.2 Technical requirements of Morpheus attitude-control system

图8 Morpheus滚动控制发动机<br/>Fig.8 Morpheus roll control engine

图8 Morpheus滚动控制发动机
Fig.8 Morpheus roll control engine

表3 Morpheus滚动控制发动机试验工况<br/>Tab.3 Test sets of Morpheus roll control engine

表3 Morpheus滚动控制发动机试验工况
Tab.3 Test sets of Morpheus roll control engine

图9 12#试验样机工况A下的工作特性(15 s稳态工作+10个脉宽80 ms连续脉冲序列)<br/>Fig.9 Operation behavior of 12# engine sample under working condition A

图9 12#试验样机工况A下的工作特性(15 s稳态工作+10个脉宽80 ms连续脉冲序列)
Fig.9 Operation behavior of 12# engine sample under working condition A

图10 12#试验样机工况B下的工作特性(16个脉宽500 ms连续脉冲序列+10个脉宽80 ms连续脉冲序列)<br/>Fig.10 Operation behavior of 12# engine sample under working condition B

图10 12#试验样机工况B下的工作特性(16个脉宽500 ms连续脉冲序列+10个脉宽80 ms连续脉冲序列)
Fig.10 Operation behavior of 12# engine sample under working condition B

图11 12#试验样机工况C下的工作特性(5 s稳态工作+10个脉宽80 ms连续脉冲序列)<br/>Fig.11 Operation behavior of 12# engine sample under working condition C

图11 12#试验样机工况C下的工作特性(5 s稳态工作+10个脉宽80 ms连续脉冲序列)
Fig.11 Operation behavior of 12# engine sample under working condition C

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备注

引言

1 Morpheus着陆器

2 液氧/甲烷轨姿控一体化推进系统

3 液氧甲烷发动机

4 结论

期刊信息